What was the original name of the city of Athens?

The original name of the city of Athens, known as Cercropia, is tied to its mythical origins. According to ancient Greek mythology, the city was named after its first king, Cecrops, who was said to be half-man and half-snake. He played a crucial role in the early governance and establishment of the city. Under his reign, the area developed into a prominent center of culture and politics.

Cercropia is often associated with the later name Athens, which was adopted after the city became dedicated to the goddess Athena, following her contest with Poseidon for the patronage of the city. This name change reflects the significance of Athena in the city's identity and development, as she became revered as the goddess of wisdom, warfare, and crafts.

The other options represent different cities or regions in ancient Greece. Attica is the region surrounding Athens, while Argos and Sparta are separate city-states with their own identities and histories. The choice of Cercropia as the original name highlights the foundational myths and the cultural heritage of the city that would become one of the most influential in ancient history.