Who was the Cretan princess that gave Theseus the ball of twine?

The correct answer is Ariadne, the Cretan princess who played a critical role in the myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. According to the myth, Theseus volunteered to enter the labyrinth where the Minotaur resided, and Ariadne fell in love with him. Understanding the complexities of the labyrinth, she provided him with a ball of twine, which he used to find his way back out after defeating the Minotaur. By unraveling the thread as he moved deeper into the maze, Theseus was able to navigate back to the entrance, demonstrating Ariadne's intelligence and resourcefulness in aiding his quest.

The other choices are characters from mythology but are not associated with the story of Theseus and the Minotaur. Europa was the mother of King Minos of Crete, Pasiphae was Minos's wife who bore the Minotaur, and Medusa is famous for her transformation into a Gorgon. Each of these characters has their own distinct mythology but does not relate to the tale of Theseus and his encounter with the Minotaur as Ariadne does.